Mercurial > genshi > mirror
annotate doc/text-templates.txt @ 500:3eb30e4ece8c experimental-inline
Merged revisions 487-603 via svnmerge from
http://svn.edgewall.org/repos/genshi/trunk
author | cmlenz |
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date | Fri, 01 Jun 2007 17:21:47 +0000 |
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1 .. -*- mode: rst; encoding: utf-8 -*- |
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2 |
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3 ============================= |
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4 Genshi Text Template Language |
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5 ============================= |
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6 |
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7 In addition to the XML-based template language, Genshi provides a simple |
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8 text-based template language, intended for basic plain text generation needs. |
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9 The language is similar to Cheetah_ or Velocity_. |
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10 |
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11 .. _cheetah: http://cheetahtemplate.org/ |
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12 .. _velocity: http://jakarta.apache.org/velocity/ |
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13 |
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14 This document describes the template language and will be most useful as |
500 | 15 reference to those developing Genshi text templates. Templates are text files of |
16 some kind that include processing directives_ that affect how the template is | |
17 rendered, and template expressions that are dynamically substituted by | |
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18 variable data. |
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19 |
500 | 20 See `Genshi Templating Basics <templates.html>`_ for general information on |
21 embedding Python code in templates. | |
22 | |
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23 |
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24 .. contents:: Contents |
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25 :depth: 3 |
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26 .. sectnum:: |
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27 |
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28 |
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29 .. _`directives`: |
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30 |
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31 ------------------- |
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32 Template Directives |
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33 ------------------- |
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34 |
355 | 35 Directives are lines starting with a ``#`` character followed immediately by |
36 the directive name. They can affect how the template is rendered in a number of | |
244 | 37 ways: Genshi provides directives for conditionals and looping, among others. |
241
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38 |
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39 Directives must be on separate lines, and the ``#`` character must be be the |
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40 first non-whitespace character on that line. Each directive must be “closed” |
246
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41 using a ``#end`` marker. You can add after the ``#end`` marker, for example to |
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42 document which directive is being closed, or even the expression associated with |
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43 that directive. Any text after ``#end`` (but on the same line) is ignored, |
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44 and effectively treated as a comment. |
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45 |
244 | 46 If you want to include a literal ``#`` in the output, you need to escape it |
47 by prepending a backslash character (``\``). Note that this is **not** required | |
48 if the ``#`` isn't immediately followed by a letter, or it isn't the first | |
49 non-whitespace character on the line. | |
50 | |
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51 |
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52 Conditional Sections |
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53 ==================== |
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54 |
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55 .. _`#if`: |
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56 |
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57 ``#if`` |
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58 --------- |
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59 |
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60 The content is only rendered if the expression evaluates to a truth value:: |
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61 |
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62 #if foo |
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63 ${bar} |
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64 #end |
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65 |
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66 Given the data ``foo=True`` and ``bar='Hello'`` in the template context, this |
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67 would produce:: |
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68 |
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69 Hello |
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70 |
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71 |
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72 .. _`#choose`: |
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73 .. _`#when`: |
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74 .. _`#otherwise`: |
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75 |
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76 ``#choose`` |
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77 ------------- |
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78 |
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79 The ``#choose`` directive, in combination with the directives ``#when`` and |
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80 ``#otherwise`` provides advanced contional processing for rendering one of |
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81 several alternatives. The first matching ``#when`` branch is rendered, or, if |
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82 no ``#when`` branch matches, the ``#otherwise`` branch is be rendered. |
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83 |
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84 If the ``#choose`` directive has no argument the nested ``#when`` directives |
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85 will be tested for truth:: |
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86 |
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87 The answer is: |
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88 #choose |
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89 #when 0 == 1 |
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90 0 |
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91 #end |
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92 #when 1 == 1 |
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93 1 |
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94 #end |
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95 #otherwise |
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96 2 |
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97 #end |
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98 #end |
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99 |
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100 This would produce the following output:: |
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101 |
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102 The answer is: |
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103 1 |
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104 |
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105 If the ``#choose`` does have an argument, the nested ``#when`` directives will |
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106 be tested for equality to the parent ``#choose`` value:: |
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107 |
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108 The answer is: |
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109 #choose 1 |
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110 #when 0 |
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111 0 |
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112 #end |
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113 #when 1 |
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114 1 |
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115 #end |
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116 #otherwise |
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117 2 |
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118 #end |
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119 #end |
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120 |
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121 This would produce the following output:: |
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122 |
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123 The answer is: |
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124 1 |
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125 |
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126 |
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127 Looping |
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128 ======= |
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129 |
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130 .. _`#for`: |
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131 |
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132 ``#for`` |
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133 ---------- |
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134 |
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135 The content is repeated for every item in an iterable:: |
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136 |
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137 Your items: |
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138 #for item in items |
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139 * ${item} |
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140 #end |
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141 |
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142 Given ``items=[1, 2, 3]`` in the context data, this would produce:: |
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143 |
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144 Your items |
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145 * 1 |
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146 * 2 |
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147 * 3 |
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148 |
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149 |
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150 Snippet Reuse |
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151 ============= |
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152 |
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153 .. _`#def`: |
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154 .. _`macros`: |
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155 |
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156 ``#def`` |
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157 ---------- |
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158 |
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159 The ``#def`` directive can be used to create macros, i.e. snippets of template |
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160 text that have a name and optionally some parameters, and that can be inserted |
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161 in other places:: |
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162 |
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163 #def greeting(name) |
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164 Hello, ${name}! |
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165 #end |
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166 ${greeting('world')} |
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167 ${greeting('everyone else')} |
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168 |
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169 The above would be rendered to:: |
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170 |
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171 Hello, world! |
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172 Hello, everyone else! |
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173 |
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174 If a macro doesn't require parameters, it can be defined as well as called |
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175 without the parenthesis. For example:: |
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176 |
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177 #def greeting |
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178 Hello, world! |
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179 #end |
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180 ${greeting} |
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181 |
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182 The above would be rendered to:: |
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183 |
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184 Hello, world! |
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185 |
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186 |
500 | 187 .. _includes: |
188 .. _`#include`: | |
189 | |
190 ``#include`` | |
191 ------------ | |
192 | |
193 To reuse common parts of template text across template files, you can include | |
194 other files using the ``#include`` directive:: | |
195 | |
196 #include "base.txt" | |
197 | |
198 Any content included this way is inserted into the generated output. The | |
199 included template sees the context data as it exists at the point of the | |
200 include. `Macros`_ in the included template are also available to the including | |
201 template after the point it was included. | |
202 | |
203 Include paths are relative to the filename of the template currently being | |
204 processed. So if the example above was in the file "``myapp/mail.txt``" | |
205 (relative to the template search path), the include directive would look for | |
206 the included file at "``myapp/base.txt``". You can also use Unix-style | |
207 relative paths, for example "``../base.txt``" to look in the parent directory. | |
208 | |
209 Just like other directives, the argument to the ``#include`` directive accepts | |
210 any Python expression, so the path to the included template can be determined | |
211 dynamically:: | |
212 | |
213 #include '%s.txt' % filename | |
214 | |
215 Note that a ``TemplateNotFound`` exception is raised if an included file can't | |
216 be found. | |
217 | |
218 .. note:: The include directive for text templates was added in Genshi 0.5. | |
219 | |
220 | |
241
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221 Variable Binding |
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222 ================ |
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223 |
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224 .. _`#with`: |
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225 |
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226 ``#with`` |
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227 ----------- |
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228 |
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229 The ``#with`` directive lets you assign expressions to variables, which can |
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230 be used to make expressions inside the directive less verbose and more |
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231 efficient. For example, if you need use the expression ``author.posts`` more |
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232 than once, and that actually results in a database query, assigning the results |
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233 to a variable using this directive would probably help. |
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234 |
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235 For example:: |
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236 |
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237 Magic numbers! |
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238 #with y=7; z=x+10 |
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239 $x $y $z |
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240 #end |
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241 |
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242 Given ``x=42`` in the context data, this would produce:: |
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243 |
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244 Magic numbers! |
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245 42 7 52 |
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246 |
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247 Note that if a variable of the same name already existed outside of the scope |
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248 of the ``#with`` directive, it will **not** be overwritten. Instead, it will |
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249 have the same value it had prior to the ``#with`` assignment. Effectively, |
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250 this means that variables are immutable in Genshi. |
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251 |
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252 |
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253 .. _comments: |
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254 |
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255 -------- |
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256 Comments |
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257 -------- |
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258 |
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259 Lines where the first non-whitespace characters are ``##`` are removed from |
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260 the output, and can thus be used for comments. This can be escaped using a |
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261 backslash. |