# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#
# Copyright (C) 2006-2009 Edgewall Software
# All rights reserved.
#
# This software is licensed as described in the file COPYING, which
# you should have received as part of this distribution. The terms
# are also available at http://genshi.edgewall.org/wiki/License.
#
# This software consists of voluntary contributions made by many
# individuals. For the exact contribution history, see the revision
# history and logs, available at http://genshi.edgewall.org/log/.

"""Support for constructing markup streams from files, strings, or other
sources.
"""

from itertools import chain
import htmlentitydefs as entities
import HTMLParser as html
from xml.parsers import expat

from genshi.core import Attrs, QName, Stream, stripentities
from genshi.core import START, END, XML_DECL, DOCTYPE, TEXT, START_NS, \
                        END_NS, START_CDATA, END_CDATA, PI, COMMENT
from genshi.compat import StringIO, BytesIO


__all__ = ['ET', 'ParseError', 'XMLParser', 'XML', 'HTMLParser', 'HTML']
__docformat__ = 'restructuredtext en'


def ET(element):
    """Convert a given ElementTree element to a markup stream.
    
    :param element: an ElementTree element
    :return: a markup stream
    """
    tag_name = QName(element.tag.lstrip('{'))
    attrs = Attrs([(QName(attr.lstrip('{')), value)
                   for attr, value in element.items()])

    yield START, (tag_name, attrs), (None, -1, -1)
    if element.text:
        yield TEXT, element.text, (None, -1, -1)
    for child in element.getchildren():
        for item in ET(child):
            yield item
    yield END, tag_name, (None, -1, -1)
    if element.tail:
        yield TEXT, element.tail, (None, -1, -1)


class ParseError(Exception):
    """Exception raised when fatal syntax errors are found in the input being
    parsed.
    """

    def __init__(self, message, filename=None, lineno=-1, offset=-1):
        """Exception initializer.
        
        :param message: the error message from the parser
        :param filename: the path to the file that was parsed
        :param lineno: the number of the line on which the error was encountered
        :param offset: the column number where the error was encountered
        """
        self.msg = message
        if filename:
            message += ', in ' + filename
        Exception.__init__(self, message)
        self.filename = filename or '<string>'
        self.lineno = lineno
        self.offset = offset


class XMLParser(object):
    """Generator-based XML parser based on roughly equivalent code in
    Kid/ElementTree.
    
    The parsing is initiated by iterating over the parser object:
    
    >>> parser = XMLParser(StringIO('<root id="2"><child>Foo</child></root>'))
    >>> for kind, data, pos in parser:
    ...     print('%s %s' % (kind, data))
    START (QName('root'), Attrs([(QName('id'), u'2')]))
    START (QName('child'), Attrs())
    TEXT Foo
    END child
    END root
    """

    _entitydefs = ['<!ENTITY %s "&#%d;">' % (name, value) for name, value in
                   entities.name2codepoint.items()]
    _external_dtd = u'\n'.join(_entitydefs).encode('utf-8')

    def __init__(self, source, filename=None, encoding=None):
        """Initialize the parser for the given XML input.
        
        :param source: the XML text as a file-like object
        :param filename: the name of the file, if appropriate
        :param encoding: the encoding of the file; if not specified, the
                         encoding is assumed to be ASCII, UTF-8, or UTF-16, or
                         whatever the encoding specified in the XML declaration
                         (if any)
        """
        self.source = source
        self.filename = filename

        # Setup the Expat parser
        parser = expat.ParserCreate(encoding, '}')
        parser.buffer_text = True
        # Python 3 does not have returns_unicode
        if hasattr(parser, 'returns_unicode'):
            parser.returns_unicode = True
        parser.ordered_attributes = True

        parser.StartElementHandler = self._handle_start
        parser.EndElementHandler = self._handle_end
        parser.CharacterDataHandler = self._handle_data
        parser.StartDoctypeDeclHandler = self._handle_doctype
        parser.StartNamespaceDeclHandler = self._handle_start_ns
        parser.EndNamespaceDeclHandler = self._handle_end_ns
        parser.StartCdataSectionHandler = self._handle_start_cdata
        parser.EndCdataSectionHandler = self._handle_end_cdata
        parser.ProcessingInstructionHandler = self._handle_pi
        parser.XmlDeclHandler = self._handle_xml_decl
        parser.CommentHandler = self._handle_comment

        # Tell Expat that we'll handle non-XML entities ourselves
        # (in _handle_other)
        parser.DefaultHandler = self._handle_other
        parser.SetParamEntityParsing(expat.XML_PARAM_ENTITY_PARSING_ALWAYS)
        parser.UseForeignDTD()
        parser.ExternalEntityRefHandler = self._build_foreign

        self.expat = parser
        self._queue = []

    def parse(self):
        """Generator that parses the XML source, yielding markup events.
        
        :return: a markup event stream
        :raises ParseError: if the XML text is not well formed
        """
        def _generate():
            try:
                bufsize = 4 * 1024 # 4K
                done = False
                while 1:
                    while not done and len(self._queue) == 0:
                        data = self.source.read(bufsize)
                        if not data: # end of data
                            if hasattr(self, 'expat'):
                                self.expat.Parse('', True)
                                del self.expat # get rid of circular references
                            done = True
                        else:
                            if isinstance(data, unicode):
                                data = data.encode('utf-8')
                            self.expat.Parse(data, False)
                    for event in self._queue:
                        yield event
                    self._queue = []
                    if done:
                        break
            except expat.ExpatError, e:
                msg = str(e)
                raise ParseError(msg, self.filename, e.lineno, e.offset)
        return Stream(_generate()).filter(_coalesce)

    def __iter__(self):
        return iter(self.parse())

    def _build_foreign(self, context, base, sysid, pubid):
        parser = self.expat.ExternalEntityParserCreate(context)
        parser.ParseFile(BytesIO(self._external_dtd))
        return 1

    def _enqueue(self, kind, data=None, pos=None):
        if pos is None:
            pos = self._getpos()
        if kind is TEXT:
            # Expat reports the *end* of the text event as current position. We
            # try to fix that up here as much as possible. Unfortunately, the
            # offset is only valid for single-line text. For multi-line text,
            # it is apparently not possible to determine at what offset it
            # started
            if '\n' in data:
                lines = data.splitlines()
                lineno = pos[1] - len(lines) + 1
                offset = -1
            else:
                lineno = pos[1]
                offset = pos[2] - len(data)
            pos = (pos[0], lineno, offset)
        self._queue.append((kind, data, pos))

    def _getpos_unknown(self):
        return (self.filename, -1, -1)

    def _getpos(self):
        return (self.filename, self.expat.CurrentLineNumber,
                self.expat.CurrentColumnNumber)

    def _handle_start(self, tag, attrib):
        attrs = Attrs([(QName(name), value) for name, value in
                       zip(*[iter(attrib)] * 2)])
        self._enqueue(START, (QName(tag), attrs))

    def _handle_end(self, tag):
        self._enqueue(END, QName(tag))

    def _handle_data(self, text):
        self._enqueue(TEXT, text)

    def _handle_xml_decl(self, version, encoding, standalone):
        self._enqueue(XML_DECL, (version, encoding, standalone))

    def _handle_doctype(self, name, sysid, pubid, has_internal_subset):
        self._enqueue(DOCTYPE, (name, pubid, sysid))

    def _handle_start_ns(self, prefix, uri):
        self._enqueue(START_NS, (prefix or '', uri))

    def _handle_end_ns(self, prefix):
        self._enqueue(END_NS, prefix or '')

    def _handle_start_cdata(self):
        self._enqueue(START_CDATA)

    def _handle_end_cdata(self):
        self._enqueue(END_CDATA)

    def _handle_pi(self, target, data):
        self._enqueue(PI, (target, data))

    def _handle_comment(self, text):
        self._enqueue(COMMENT, text)

    def _handle_other(self, text):
        if text.startswith('&'):
            # deal with undefined entities
            try:
                text = unichr(entities.name2codepoint[text[1:-1]])
                self._enqueue(TEXT, text)
            except KeyError:
                filename, lineno, offset = self._getpos()
                error = expat.error('undefined entity "%s": line %d, column %d'
                                    % (text, lineno, offset))
                error.code = expat.errors.XML_ERROR_UNDEFINED_ENTITY
                error.lineno = lineno
                error.offset = offset
                raise error


def XML(text):
    """Parse the given XML source and return a markup stream.
    
    Unlike with `XMLParser`, the returned stream is reusable, meaning it can be
    iterated over multiple times:
    
    >>> xml = XML('<doc><elem>Foo</elem><elem>Bar</elem></doc>')
    >>> print(xml)
    <doc><elem>Foo</elem><elem>Bar</elem></doc>
    >>> print(xml.select('elem'))
    <elem>Foo</elem><elem>Bar</elem>
    >>> print(xml.select('elem/text()'))
    FooBar
    
    :param text: the XML source
    :return: the parsed XML event stream
    :raises ParseError: if the XML text is not well-formed
    """
    return Stream(list(XMLParser(StringIO(text))))


class HTMLParser(html.HTMLParser, object):
    """Parser for HTML input based on the Python `HTMLParser` module.
    
    This class provides the same interface for generating stream events as
    `XMLParser`, and attempts to automatically balance tags.
    
    The parsing is initiated by iterating over the parser object:
    
    >>> parser = HTMLParser(BytesIO(u'<UL compact><LI>Foo</UL>'.encode('utf-8')), encoding='utf-8')
    >>> for kind, data, pos in parser:
    ...     print('%s %s' % (kind, data))
    START (QName('ul'), Attrs([(QName('compact'), u'compact')]))
    START (QName('li'), Attrs())
    TEXT Foo
    END li
    END ul
    """

    _EMPTY_ELEMS = frozenset(['area', 'base', 'basefont', 'br', 'col', 'frame',
                              'hr', 'img', 'input', 'isindex', 'link', 'meta',
                              'param'])

    def __init__(self, source, filename=None, encoding=None):
        """Initialize the parser for the given HTML input.
        
        :param source: the HTML text as a file-like object
        :param filename: the name of the file, if known
        :param filename: encoding of the file; ignored if the input is unicode
        """
        html.HTMLParser.__init__(self)
        self.source = source
        self.filename = filename
        self.encoding = encoding
        self._queue = []
        self._open_tags = []

    def parse(self):
        """Generator that parses the HTML source, yielding markup events.
        
        :return: a markup event stream
        :raises ParseError: if the HTML text is not well formed
        """
        def _generate():
            try:
                bufsize = 4 * 1024 # 4K
                done = False
                while 1:
                    while not done and len(self._queue) == 0:
                        data = self.source.read(bufsize)
                        if not data: # end of data
                            self.close()
                            done = True
                        else:
                            if not isinstance(data, unicode):
                                # bytes
                                if self.encoding:
                                    data = data.decode(self.encoding)
                                else:
                                    raise UnicodeError("source returned bytes, but no encoding specified")
                            self.feed(data)
                    for kind, data, pos in self._queue:
                        yield kind, data, pos
                    self._queue = []
                    if done:
                        open_tags = self._open_tags
                        open_tags.reverse()
                        for tag in open_tags:
                            yield END, QName(tag), pos
                        break
            except html.HTMLParseError, e:
                msg = '%s: line %d, column %d' % (e.msg, e.lineno, e.offset)
                raise ParseError(msg, self.filename, e.lineno, e.offset)
        return Stream(_generate()).filter(_coalesce)

    def __iter__(self):
        return iter(self.parse())

    def _enqueue(self, kind, data, pos=None):
        if pos is None:
            pos = self._getpos()
        self._queue.append((kind, data, pos))

    def _getpos(self):
        lineno, column = self.getpos()
        return (self.filename, lineno, column)

    def handle_starttag(self, tag, attrib):
        fixed_attrib = []
        for name, value in attrib: # Fixup minimized attributes
            if value is None:
                value = unicode(name)
            elif not isinstance(value, unicode):
                value = value.decode(self.encoding, 'replace')
            fixed_attrib.append((QName(name), stripentities(value)))

        self._enqueue(START, (QName(tag), Attrs(fixed_attrib)))
        if tag in self._EMPTY_ELEMS:
            self._enqueue(END, QName(tag))
        else:
            self._open_tags.append(tag)

    def handle_endtag(self, tag):
        if tag not in self._EMPTY_ELEMS:
            while self._open_tags:
                open_tag = self._open_tags.pop()
                self._enqueue(END, QName(open_tag))
                if open_tag.lower() == tag.lower():
                    break

    def handle_data(self, text):
        if not isinstance(text, unicode):
            text = text.decode(self.encoding, 'replace')
        self._enqueue(TEXT, text)

    def handle_charref(self, name):
        if name.lower().startswith('x'):
            text = unichr(int(name[1:], 16))
        else:
            text = unichr(int(name))
        self._enqueue(TEXT, text)

    def handle_entityref(self, name):
        try:
            text = unichr(entities.name2codepoint[name])
        except KeyError:
            text = '&%s;' % name
        self._enqueue(TEXT, text)

    def handle_pi(self, data):
        target, data = data.split(None, 1)
        if data.endswith('?'):
            data = data[:-1]
        self._enqueue(PI, (target.strip(), data.strip()))

    def handle_comment(self, text):
        self._enqueue(COMMENT, text)


def HTML(text, encoding=None):
    """Parse the given HTML source and return a markup stream.
    
    Unlike with `HTMLParser`, the returned stream is reusable, meaning it can be
    iterated over multiple times:
    
    >>> html = HTML('<body><h1>Foo</h1></body>', encoding='utf-8')
    >>> print(html)
    <body><h1>Foo</h1></body>
    >>> print(html.select('h1'))
    <h1>Foo</h1>
    >>> print(html.select('h1/text()'))
    Foo
    
    :param text: the HTML source
    :return: the parsed XML event stream
    :raises ParseError: if the HTML text is not well-formed, and error recovery
                        fails
    """
    if isinstance(text, unicode):
        return Stream(list(HTMLParser(StringIO(text), encoding=encoding)))
    return Stream(list(HTMLParser(BytesIO(text), encoding=encoding)))


def _coalesce(stream):
    """Coalesces adjacent TEXT events into a single event."""
    textbuf = []
    textpos = None
    for kind, data, pos in chain(stream, [(None, None, None)]):
        if kind is TEXT:
            textbuf.append(data)
            if textpos is None:
                textpos = pos
        else:
            if textbuf:
                yield TEXT, ''.join(textbuf), textpos
                del textbuf[:]
                textpos = None
            if kind:
                yield kind, data, pos