Mercurial > genshi > genshi-test
annotate doc/xml-templates.txt @ 512:bdaf75981ec7
Fix for #125 (text template handling unicode source). Thanks to Christian Boos for the patch.
author | cmlenz |
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date | Wed, 06 Jun 2007 11:31:44 +0000 |
parents | ca7d707d51b0 |
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rev | line source |
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226 | 1 .. -*- mode: rst; encoding: utf-8 -*- |
2 | |
3 ============================ | |
230 | 4 Genshi XML Template Language |
226 | 5 ============================ |
6 | |
241
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7 Genshi provides a XML-based template language that is heavily inspired by Kid_, |
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8 which in turn was inspired by a number of existing template languages, namely |
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9 XSLT_, TAL_, and PHP_. |
226 | 10 |
11 .. _kid: http://kid-templating.org/ | |
12 .. _python: http://www.python.org/ | |
13 .. _xslt: http://www.w3.org/TR/xslt | |
14 .. _tal: http://www.zope.org/Wikis/DevSite/Projects/ZPT/TAL | |
15 .. _php: http://www.php.net/ | |
16 | |
17 This document describes the template language and will be most useful as | |
241
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18 reference to those developing Genshi XML templates. Templates are XML files of |
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19 some kind (such as XHTML) that include processing directives_ (elements or |
226 | 20 attributes identified by a separate namespace) that affect how the template is |
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21 rendered, and template expressions that are dynamically substituted by |
226 | 22 variable data. |
23 | |
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24 See `Genshi Templating Basics <templates.html>`_ for general information on |
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25 embedding Python code in templates. |
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26 |
226 | 27 |
28 .. contents:: Contents | |
29 :depth: 3 | |
30 .. sectnum:: | |
31 | |
32 | |
33 .. _`directives`: | |
34 | |
35 ------------------- | |
36 Template Directives | |
37 ------------------- | |
38 | |
39 Directives are elements and/or attributes in the template that are identified | |
230 | 40 by the namespace ``http://genshi.edgewall.org/``. They can affect how the |
41 template is rendered in a number of ways: Genshi provides directives for | |
226 | 42 conditionals and looping, among others. |
43 | |
394 | 44 To use directives in a template, the namespace must be declared, which is |
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45 usually done on the root element: |
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46 |
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47 .. code-block:: genshi |
226 | 48 |
49 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" | |
230 | 50 xmlns:py="http://genshi.edgewall.org/" |
226 | 51 lang="en"> |
52 ... | |
53 </html> | |
54 | |
55 In this example, the default namespace is set to the XHTML namespace, and the | |
230 | 56 namespace for Genshi directives is bound to the prefix “py”. |
226 | 57 |
58 All directives can be applied as attributes, and some can also be used as | |
59 elements. The ``if`` directives for conditionals, for example, can be used in | |
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60 both ways: |
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61 |
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62 .. code-block:: genshi |
226 | 63 |
64 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" | |
230 | 65 xmlns:py="http://genshi.edgewall.org/" |
226 | 66 lang="en"> |
67 ... | |
68 <div py:if="foo"> | |
69 <p>Bar</p> | |
70 </div> | |
71 ... | |
72 </html> | |
73 | |
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74 This is basically equivalent to the following: |
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75 |
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76 .. code-block:: genshi |
226 | 77 |
78 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" | |
230 | 79 xmlns:py="http://genshi.edgewall.org/" |
226 | 80 lang="en"> |
81 ... | |
82 <py:if test="foo"> | |
83 <div> | |
84 <p>Bar</p> | |
85 </div> | |
86 </py:if> | |
87 ... | |
88 </html> | |
89 | |
90 The rationale behind the second form is that directives do not always map | |
91 naturally to elements in the template. In such cases, the ``py:strip`` | |
92 directive can be used to strip off the unwanted element, or the directive can | |
93 simply be used as an element. | |
94 | |
95 | |
237 | 96 Conditional Sections |
226 | 97 ==================== |
98 | |
235 | 99 .. _`py:if`: |
226 | 100 |
235 | 101 ``py:if`` |
237 | 102 --------- |
226 | 103 |
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104 The element is only rendered if the expression evaluates to a truth value: |
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105 |
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106 .. code-block:: genshi |
226 | 107 |
235 | 108 <div> |
109 <b py:if="foo">${bar}</b> | |
110 </div> | |
226 | 111 |
235 | 112 Given the data ``foo=True`` and ``bar='Hello'`` in the template context, this |
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113 would produce: |
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114 |
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115 .. code-block:: html |
235 | 116 |
117 <div> | |
118 <b>Hello</b> | |
119 </div> | |
120 | |
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121 This directive can also be used as an element: |
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122 |
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123 .. code-block:: genshi |
235 | 124 |
125 <div> | |
126 <py:if test="foo"> | |
127 <b>${bar}</b> | |
128 </py:if> | |
129 </div> | |
226 | 130 |
131 .. _`py:choose`: | |
132 .. _`py:when`: | |
133 .. _`py:otherwise`: | |
134 | |
237 | 135 ``py:choose`` |
136 ------------- | |
226 | 137 |
237 | 138 The ``py:choose`` directive, in combination with the directives ``py:when`` |
404 | 139 and ``py:otherwise`` provides advanced conditional processing for rendering one |
226 | 140 of several alternatives. The first matching ``py:when`` branch is rendered, or, |
404 | 141 if no ``py:when`` branch matches, the ``py:otherwise`` branch is rendered. |
226 | 142 |
143 If the ``py:choose`` directive is empty the nested ``py:when`` directives will | |
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144 be tested for truth: |
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145 |
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146 .. code-block:: genshi |
226 | 147 |
148 <div py:choose=""> | |
149 <span py:when="0 == 1">0</span> | |
150 <span py:when="1 == 1">1</span> | |
151 <span py:otherwise="">2</span> | |
152 </div> | |
153 | |
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154 This would produce the following output: |
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155 |
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156 .. code-block:: html |
226 | 157 |
158 <div> | |
159 <span>1</span> | |
160 </div> | |
161 | |
162 If the ``py:choose`` directive contains an expression the nested ``py:when`` | |
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163 directives will be tested for equality to the parent ``py:choose`` value: |
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164 |
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165 .. code-block:: genshi |
226 | 166 |
167 <div py:choose="1"> | |
168 <span py:when="0">0</span> | |
169 <span py:when="1">1</span> | |
170 <span py:otherwise="">2</span> | |
171 </div> | |
172 | |
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173 This would produce the following output: |
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174 |
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175 .. code-block:: html |
226 | 176 |
177 <div> | |
178 <span>1</span> | |
179 </div> | |
180 | |
181 | |
235 | 182 Looping |
237 | 183 ======= |
226 | 184 |
235 | 185 .. _`py:for`: |
226 | 186 |
235 | 187 ``py:for`` |
237 | 188 ---------- |
235 | 189 |
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190 The element is repeated for every item in an iterable: |
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191 |
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192 .. code-block:: genshi |
226 | 193 |
194 <ul> | |
235 | 195 <li py:for="item in items">${item}</li> |
226 | 196 </ul> |
197 | |
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198 Given ``items=[1, 2, 3]`` in the context data, this would produce: |
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199 |
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200 .. code-block:: html |
226 | 201 |
202 <ul> | |
235 | 203 <li>1</li><li>2</li><li>3</li> |
226 | 204 </ul> |
205 | |
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206 This directive can also be used as an element: |
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207 |
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208 .. code-block:: genshi |
226 | 209 |
235 | 210 <ul> |
211 <py:for each="item in items"> | |
212 <li>${item}</li> | |
213 </py:for> | |
214 </ul> | |
215 | |
216 | |
217 Snippet Reuse | |
237 | 218 ============= |
226 | 219 |
220 .. _`py:def`: | |
221 .. _`macros`: | |
222 | |
223 ``py:def`` | |
237 | 224 ---------- |
226 | 225 |
226 The ``py:def`` directive can be used to create macros, i.e. snippets of | |
227 template code that have a name and optionally some parameters, and that can be | |
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228 inserted in other places: |
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229 |
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230 .. code-block:: genshi |
226 | 231 |
232 <div> | |
233 <p py:def="greeting(name)" class="greeting"> | |
234 Hello, ${name}! | |
235 </p> | |
236 ${greeting('world')} | |
237 ${greeting('everyone else')} | |
238 </div> | |
239 | |
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240 The above would be rendered to: |
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241 |
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242 .. code-block:: html |
226 | 243 |
244 <div> | |
245 <p class="greeting"> | |
246 Hello, world! | |
247 </p> | |
248 <p class="greeting"> | |
249 Hello, everyone else! | |
250 </p> | |
251 </div> | |
252 | |
394 | 253 If a macro doesn't require parameters, it can be defined without the |
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254 parenthesis. For example: |
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255 |
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256 .. code-block:: genshi |
226 | 257 |
258 <div> | |
259 <p py:def="greeting" class="greeting"> | |
260 Hello, world! | |
261 </p> | |
394 | 262 ${greeting()} |
226 | 263 </div> |
264 | |
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265 The above would be rendered to: |
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266 |
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267 .. code-block:: html |
226 | 268 |
269 <div> | |
270 <p class="greeting"> | |
271 Hello, world! | |
272 </p> | |
273 </div> | |
274 | |
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275 This directive can also be used as an element: |
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276 |
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277 .. code-block:: genshi |
226 | 278 |
279 <div> | |
280 <py:def function="greeting(name)"> | |
281 <p class="greeting">Hello, ${name}!</p> | |
282 </py:def> | |
283 </div> | |
284 | |
285 | |
235 | 286 .. _Match Templates: |
226 | 287 .. _`py:match`: |
288 | |
289 ``py:match`` | |
237 | 290 ------------ |
226 | 291 |
292 This directive defines a *match template*: given an XPath expression, it | |
293 replaces any element in the template that matches the expression with its own | |
294 content. | |
295 | |
296 For example, the match template defined in the following template matches any | |
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297 element with the tag name “greeting”: |
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298 |
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299 .. code-block:: genshi |
226 | 300 |
301 <div> | |
302 <span py:match="greeting"> | |
303 Hello ${select('@name')} | |
304 </span> | |
305 <greeting name="Dude" /> | |
306 </div> | |
307 | |
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308 This would result in the following output: |
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309 |
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310 .. code-block:: html |
226 | 311 |
312 <div> | |
313 <span> | |
314 Hello Dude | |
315 </span> | |
316 </div> | |
317 | |
318 Inside the body of a ``py:match`` directive, the ``select(path)`` function is | |
319 made available so that parts or all of the original element can be incorporated | |
451 | 320 in the output of the match template. See `Using XPath`_ for more information |
321 about this function. | |
322 | |
323 .. _`Using XPath`: streams.html#using-xpath | |
226 | 324 |
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325 This directive can also be used as an element: |
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326 |
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327 .. code-block:: genshi |
226 | 328 |
329 <div> | |
330 <py:match path="greeting"> | |
331 <span>Hello ${select('@name')}</span> | |
332 </py:match> | |
333 <greeting name="Dude" /> | |
334 </div> | |
335 | |
336 | |
235 | 337 Variable Binding |
237 | 338 ================ |
226 | 339 |
340 .. _`with`: | |
341 | |
342 ``py:with`` | |
237 | 343 ----------- |
226 | 344 |
345 The ``py:with`` directive lets you assign expressions to variables, which can | |
346 be used to make expressions inside the directive less verbose and more | |
347 efficient. For example, if you need use the expression ``author.posts`` more | |
348 than once, and that actually results in a database query, assigning the results | |
349 to a variable using this directive would probably help. | |
350 | |
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351 For example: |
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352 |
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353 .. code-block:: genshi |
226 | 354 |
355 <div> | |
356 <span py:with="y=7; z=x+10">$x $y $z</span> | |
357 </div> | |
358 | |
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359 Given ``x=42`` in the context data, this would produce: |
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360 |
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361 .. code-block:: html |
226 | 362 |
363 <div> | |
364 <span>42 7 52</span> | |
365 </div> | |
366 | |
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367 This directive can also be used as an element: |
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368 |
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369 .. code-block:: genshi |
226 | 370 |
371 <div> | |
372 <py:with vars="y=7; z=x+10">$x $y $z</py:with> | |
373 </div> | |
374 | |
375 Note that if a variable of the same name already existed outside of the scope | |
376 of the ``py:with`` directive, it will **not** be overwritten. Instead, it | |
377 will have the same value it had prior to the ``py:with`` assignment. | |
230 | 378 Effectively, this means that variables are immutable in Genshi. |
226 | 379 |
380 | |
235 | 381 Structure Manipulation |
237 | 382 ====================== |
235 | 383 |
384 .. _`py:attrs`: | |
385 | |
386 ``py:attrs`` | |
237 | 387 ------------ |
235 | 388 |
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389 This directive adds, modifies or removes attributes from the element: |
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390 |
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391 .. code-block:: genshi |
235 | 392 |
393 <ul> | |
394 <li py:attrs="foo">Bar</li> | |
395 </ul> | |
396 | |
397 Given ``foo={'class': 'collapse'}`` in the template context, this would | |
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398 produce: |
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399 |
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400 .. code-block:: html |
235 | 401 |
402 <ul> | |
403 <li class="collapse">Bar</li> | |
404 </ul> | |
405 | |
406 Attributes with the value ``None`` are omitted, so given ``foo={'class': None}`` | |
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407 in the context for the same template this would produce: |
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408 |
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409 .. code-block:: html |
235 | 410 |
411 <ul> | |
412 <li>Bar</li> | |
413 </ul> | |
414 | |
415 This directive can only be used as an attribute. | |
416 | |
417 | |
418 .. _`py:content`: | |
419 | |
420 ``py:content`` | |
237 | 421 -------------- |
235 | 422 |
423 This directive replaces any nested content with the result of evaluating the | |
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424 expression: |
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425 |
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426 .. code-block:: genshi |
235 | 427 |
428 <ul> | |
429 <li py:content="bar">Hello</li> | |
430 </ul> | |
431 | |
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432 Given ``bar='Bye'`` in the context data, this would produce: |
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433 |
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434 .. code-block:: html |
235 | 435 |
436 <ul> | |
437 <li>Bye</li> | |
438 </ul> | |
439 | |
440 This directive can only be used as an attribute. | |
441 | |
442 | |
443 .. _`py:replace`: | |
444 | |
445 ``py:replace`` | |
237 | 446 -------------- |
235 | 447 |
448 This directive replaces the element itself with the result of evaluating the | |
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449 expression: |
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450 |
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451 .. code-block:: genshi |
235 | 452 |
453 <div> | |
454 <span py:replace="bar">Hello</span> | |
455 </div> | |
456 | |
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457 Given ``bar='Bye'`` in the context data, this would produce: |
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458 |
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459 .. code-block:: html |
235 | 460 |
461 <div> | |
462 Bye | |
463 </div> | |
464 | |
465 This directive can only be used as an attribute. | |
466 | |
467 | |
468 .. _`py:strip`: | |
469 | |
470 ``py:strip`` | |
237 | 471 ------------ |
235 | 472 |
473 This directive conditionally strips the top-level element from the output. When | |
474 the value of the ``py:strip`` attribute evaluates to ``True``, the element is | |
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475 stripped from the output: |
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476 |
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477 .. code-block:: genshi |
235 | 478 |
479 <div> | |
480 <div py:strip="True"><b>foo</b></div> | |
481 </div> | |
482 | |
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483 This would be rendered as: |
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484 |
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485 .. code-block:: html |
235 | 486 |
487 <div> | |
488 <b>foo</b> | |
489 </div> | |
490 | |
491 As a shorthand, if the value of the ``py:strip`` attribute is empty, that has | |
492 the same effect as using a truth value (i.e. the element is stripped). | |
493 | |
494 | |
226 | 495 .. _order: |
496 | |
497 Processing Order | |
498 ================ | |
499 | |
500 It is possible to attach multiple directives to a single element, although not | |
501 all combinations make sense. When multiple directives are encountered, they are | |
502 processed in the following order: | |
503 | |
504 #. `py:def`_ | |
505 #. `py:match`_ | |
506 #. `py:when`_ | |
507 #. `py:otherwise`_ | |
508 #. `py:for`_ | |
509 #. `py:if`_ | |
510 #. `py:choose`_ | |
511 #. `py:with`_ | |
512 #. `py:replace`_ | |
513 #. `py:content`_ | |
514 #. `py:attrs`_ | |
515 #. `py:strip`_ | |
516 | |
517 | |
518 .. _includes: | |
519 | |
520 -------- | |
521 Includes | |
522 -------- | |
523 | |
524 To reuse common snippets of template code, you can include other files using | |
525 XInclude_. | |
526 | |
527 .. _xinclude: http://www.w3.org/TR/xinclude/ | |
528 | |
529 For this, you need to declare the XInclude namespace (commonly bound to the | |
530 prefix “xi”) and use the ``<xi:include>`` element where you want the external | |
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531 file to be pulled in: |
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532 |
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533 .. code-block:: genshi |
226 | 534 |
535 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" | |
230 | 536 xmlns:py="http://genshi.edgewall.org/" |
226 | 537 xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"> |
538 <xi:include href="base.html" /> | |
539 ... | |
540 </html> | |
541 | |
542 Include paths are relative to the filename of the template currently being | |
543 processed. So if the example above was in the file "``myapp/index.html``" | |
544 (relative to the template search path), the XInclude processor would look for | |
545 the included file at "``myapp/base.html``". You can also use Unix-style | |
546 relative paths, for example "``../base.html``" to look in the parent directory. | |
547 | |
548 Any content included this way is inserted into the generated output instead of | |
549 the ``<xi:include>`` element. The included template sees the same context data. | |
550 `Match templates`_ and `macros`_ in the included template are also available to | |
551 the including template after the point it was included. | |
552 | |
553 By default, an error will be raised if an included file is not found. If that's | |
554 not what you want, you can specify fallback content that should be used if the | |
555 include fails. For example, to to make the include above fail silently, you'd | |
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556 write: |
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557 |
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558 .. code-block:: genshi |
226 | 559 |
560 <xi:include href="base.html"><xi:fallback /></xi:include> | |
561 | |
273 | 562 See the `XInclude specification`_ for more about fallback content. Note though |
563 that Genshi currently only supports a small subset of XInclude. | |
564 | |
565 .. _`xinclude specification`: http://www.w3.org/TR/xinclude/ | |
226 | 566 |
230 | 567 Incudes in Genshi are fully dynamic: Just like normal attributes, the `href` |
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568 attribute accepts expressions, and directives_ can be used on the |
226 | 569 ``<xi:include />`` element just as on any other element, meaning you can do |
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570 things like conditional includes: |
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571 |
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572 .. code-block:: genshi |
226 | 573 |
574 <xi:include href="${name}.html" py:if="not in_popup" | |
575 py:for="name in ('foo', 'bar', 'baz')" /> | |
576 | |
577 | |
578 .. _comments: | |
579 | |
580 -------- | |
581 Comments | |
582 -------- | |
583 | |
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584 Normal XML/HTML comment syntax can be used in templates: |
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585 |
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586 .. code-block:: genshi |
226 | 587 |
588 <!-- this is a comment --> | |
589 | |
590 However, such comments get passed through the processing pipeline and are by | |
591 default included in the final output. If that's not desired, prefix the comment | |
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592 text with an exclamation mark: |
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593 |
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594 .. code-block:: genshi |
226 | 595 |
596 <!-- !this is a comment too, but one that will be stripped from the output --> | |
597 | |
598 Note that it does not matter whether there's whitespace before or after the | |
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599 exclamation mark, so the above could also be written as follows: |
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600 |
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601 .. code-block:: genshi |
226 | 602 |
603 <!--! this is a comment too, but one that will be stripped from the output --> |