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annotate doc/formatting.txt @ 93:30ed605cff51

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Changed translator comments extraction behaviour in python source code. Match is now true only if the TAG is on the start of the comment. The TAG will also be stripped from the comment. Added a unittest which tests this.
author palgarvio
date Mon, 11 Jun 2007 22:27:24 +0000
parents cf94e70a77f3
children 3eaa652b1216
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1 .. -*- mode: rst; encoding: utf-8 -*-
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2
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3 ==========================
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4 Number and Date Formatting
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5 ==========================
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6
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7
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8 .. contents:: Contents
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9 :depth: 2
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10 .. sectnum::
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11
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12
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13 Date Formatting
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14 ===============
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15
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16 When working with date and time information in Python, you commonly use the
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17 classes ``date``, ``datetime`` and/or ``time`` from the `datetime package`_.
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18 Babel provides functions for locale-specific formatting of those objects in its
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19 ``dates`` module:
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20
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21 .. code-block:: pycon
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22
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23 >>> from datetime import date, datetime, time
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24 >>> from babel.dates import format_date, format_datetime, format_time
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25
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26 >>> d = date(2007, 4, 1)
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27 >>> format_date(d, locale='en')
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28 u'Apr 1, 2007'
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29 >>> format_date(d, locale='de_DE')
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30 u'01.04.2007'
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31
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32 As this example demonstrates, Babel will automatically choose a date format
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33 that is appropriate for the requested locale.
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34
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35 The ``format_*()`` functions also accept an optional ``format`` argument, which
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36 allows you to choose between one of four format variations:
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37
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38 * ``short``,
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39 * ``medium`` (the default),
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40 * ``long``, and
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41 * ``full``.
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42
42
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43 For example:
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44
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45 .. code-block:: pycon
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46
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47 >>> format_date(d, format='short', locale='en')
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48 u'4/1/07'
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49 >>> format_date(d, format='long', locale='en')
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50 u'April 1, 2007'
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51 >>> format_date(d, format='full', locale='en')
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52 u'Sunday, April 1, 2007'
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53
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54 .. _`datetime package`: http://docs.python.org/lib/module-datetime.html
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55
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56
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57 Pattern Syntax
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58 --------------
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59
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60 While Babel makes it simple to use the appropriate date/time format for a given
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61 locale, you can also force it to use custom patterns. Note that Babel uses
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62 different patterns for specifying number and date formats compared to the
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63 Python equivalents (such as ``time.strftime()``), which have mostly been
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64 inherited from C and POSIX. The patterns used in Babel are based on the
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65 `Locale Data Markup Language specification`_ (LDML), which defines them as
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66 follows:
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67
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68 A date/time pattern is a string of characters, where specific strings of
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69 characters are replaced with date and time data from a calendar when formatting
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70 or used to generate data for a calendar when parsing. […]
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71
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72 Characters may be used multiple times. For example, if ``y`` is used for the
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73 year, ``yy`` might produce "99", whereas ``yyyy`` produces "1999". For most
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74 numerical fields, the number of characters specifies the field width. For
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75 example, if ``h`` is the hour, ``h`` might produce "5", but ``hh`` produces
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76 "05". For some characters, the count specifies whether an abbreviated or full
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77 form should be used […]
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78
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79 Two single quotes represent a literal single quote, either inside or outside
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80 single quotes. Text within single quotes is not interpreted in any way (except
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81 for two adjacent single quotes).
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82
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83 For example:
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84
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85 .. code-block:: pycon
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86
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87 >>> d = date(2007, 4, 1)
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88 >>> format_date(d, "EEE, MMM d, ''yy", locale='en')
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89 u"Sun, Apr 1, '07"
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90 >>> format_date(d, "EEEE, d.M.yyyy", locale='de')
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91 u'Sonntag, 1.4.2007'
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92
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93 >>> t = time(15, 30)
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94 >>> format_time(t, "hh 'o''clock' a", locale='en')
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95 u"03 o'clock PM"
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96 >>> format_time(t, 'H:mm a', locale='de')
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97 u'15:30 nachm.'
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98
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99 >>> dt = datetime(2007, 4, 1, 15, 30)
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100 >>> format_datetime(dt, "yyyyy.MMMM.dd GGG hh:mm a", locale='en')
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101 u'02007.April.01 AD 03:30 PM'
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102
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103 The syntax for custom datetime format patterns is described in detail in the
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104 the `Locale Data Markup Language specification`_. The following table is just a
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105 relatively brief overview.
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106
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107 .. _`Locale Data Markup Language specification`: http://unicode.org/reports/tr35/#Date_Format_Patterns
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108
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109 -----------
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110 Date Fields
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111 -----------
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112
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113 +----------+--------+--------------------------------------------------------+
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114 | Field | Symbol | Description |
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115 +==========+========+========================================================+
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116 | Era | ``G`` | Replaced with the era string for the current date. One |
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117 | | | to three letters for the abbreviated form, four |
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118 | | | lettersfor the long form, five for the narrow form |
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119 +----------+--------+--------------------------------------------------------+
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120 | Year | ``y`` | Replaced by the year. Normally the length specifies |
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121 | | | the padding, but for two letters it also specifies the |
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122 | | | maximum length. |
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123 | +--------+--------------------------------------------------------+
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124 | | ``Y`` | Same as ``y`` but uses the ISO year-week calendar. |
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125 | +--------+--------------------------------------------------------+
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126 | | ``u`` | ?? |
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127 +----------+--------+--------------------------------------------------------+
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128 | Quarter | ``Q`` | Use one or two for the numerical quarter, three for |
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129 | | | the abbreviation, or four for the full name. |
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130 | +--------+--------------------------------------------------------+
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131 | | ``q`` | Use one or two for the numerical quarter, three for |
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132 | | | the abbreviation, or four for the full name. |
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133 +----------+--------+--------------------------------------------------------+
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134 | Month | ``M`` | Use one or two for the numerical month, three for the |
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135 | | | abbreviation, or four for the full name, or five for |
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136 | | | the narrow name. |
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137 | +--------+--------------------------------------------------------+
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138 | | ``L`` | Use one or two for the numerical month, three for the |
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139 | | | abbreviation, or four for the full name, or 5 for the |
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140 | | | narrow name. |
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141 +----------+--------+--------------------------------------------------------+
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142 | Week | ``w`` | Week of year. |
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143 | +--------+--------------------------------------------------------+
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144 | | ``W`` | Week of month. |
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145 +----------+--------+--------------------------------------------------------+
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146 | Day | ``d`` | Day of month. |
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147 | +--------+--------------------------------------------------------+
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148 | | ``D`` | Day of year. |
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149 | +--------+--------------------------------------------------------+
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150 | | ``F`` | Day of week in month. |
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151 | +--------+--------------------------------------------------------+
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152 | | ``g`` | ?? |
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153 +----------+--------+--------------------------------------------------------+
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154 | Week day | ``E`` | Day of week. Use one through three letters for the |
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155 | | | short day, or four for the full name, or five for the |
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156 | | | narrow name. |
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157 | +--------+--------------------------------------------------------+
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158 | | ``e`` | Local day of week. Same as E except adds a numeric |
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159 | | | value that will depend on the local starting day of |
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160 | | | the week, using one or two letters. |
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161 | +--------+--------------------------------------------------------+
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162 | | ``c`` | ?? |
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163 +----------+--------+--------------------------------------------------------+
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164
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165 -----------
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166 Time Fields
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167 -----------
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168
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169 +----------+--------+--------------------------------------------------------+
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170 | Field | Symbol | Description |
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171 +==========+========+========================================================+
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172 | Period | ``a`` | AM or PM |
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173 +----------+--------+--------------------------------------------------------+
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174 | Hour | ``h`` | Hour [1-12]. |
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175 | +--------+--------------------------------------------------------+
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176 | | ``H`` | Hour [0-23]. |
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177 | +--------+--------------------------------------------------------+
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178 | | ``K`` | Hour [0-11]. |
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179 | +--------+--------------------------------------------------------+
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180 | | ``k`` | Hour [1-24]. |
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181 +----------+--------+--------------------------------------------------------+
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182 | Minute | ``m`` | Use one or two for zero places padding. |
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183 +----------+--------+--------------------------------------------------------+
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184 | Second | ``s`` | Use one or two for zero places padding. |
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185 | +--------+--------------------------------------------------------+
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186 | | ``S`` | Fractional second, rounds to the count of letters. |
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187 | +--------+--------------------------------------------------------+
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188 | | ``A`` | Milliseconds in day. |
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189 +----------+--------+--------------------------------------------------------+
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190 | Timezone | ``z`` | Use one to three letters for the short timezone or |
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191 | | | four for the full name. |
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192 | +--------+--------------------------------------------------------+
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193 | | ``Z`` | Use one to three letters for RFC 822, four letters for |
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194 | | | GMT format. |
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195 | +--------+--------------------------------------------------------+
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196 | | ``v`` | Use one letter for short wall (generic) time, four for |
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197 | | | long wall time. |
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198 +----------+--------+--------------------------------------------------------+
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199
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200
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201 Time-Zone Support
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202 -----------------
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203
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204 Many of the verbose time formats include the time-zone, but time-zone
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205 information is not by default available for the Python ``datetime`` and
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206 ``time`` objects. The standard library includes only the abstract ``tzinfo``
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207 class, which you need appropriate implementations for to actually use in your
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208 application. Babel includes a ``tzinfo`` implementation for UTC (Universal
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209 Time).
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210
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211 For real time-zone support, it is strongly recommended that you use the
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212 third-party package `pytz`_, which includes the definitions of practically all
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213 of the time-zones used on the world, as well as important functions for
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214 reliably converting from UTC to local time, and vice versa:
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215
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216 .. code-block:: pycon
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217
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218 >>> from datetime import time
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219 >>> from pytz import timezone, utc
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220 >>> dt = datetime(2007, 04, 01, 15, 30, tzinfo=utc)
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221 >>> eastern = timezone('US/Eastern')
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222 >>> format_datetime(dt, 'H:mm Z', tzinfo=eastern, locale='en_US')
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223 u'11:30 -0400'
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224
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225 The recommended approach to deal with different time-zones in a Python
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226 application is to always use UTC internally, and only convert from/to the users
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227 time-zone when accepting user input and displaying date/time data, respectively.
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228 You can use Babel together with ``pytz`` to apply a time-zone to any
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229 ``datetime`` or ``time`` object for display, leaving the original information
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230 unchanged:
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231
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232 .. code-block:: pycon
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233
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234 >>> british = timezone('Europe/London')
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235 >>> format_datetime(dt, 'H:mm zzzz', tzinfo=british, locale='en_US')
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236 u'16:30 British Summer Time'
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237
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238 Here, the given UTC time is adjusted to the "Europe/London" time-zone, and
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239 daylight savings time is taken into account. Daylight savings time is also
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240 applied to ``format_time``, but because the actual date is unknown in that
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241 case, the current day is assumed to determine whether DST or standard time
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242 should be used.
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243
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244 .. _`pytz`: http://pytz.sourceforge.net/
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245
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246
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247 Parsing Dates
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248 -------------
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249
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250 Babel can also parse date and time information in a locale-sensitive manner:
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251
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252 .. code-block:: pycon
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253
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254 >>> from babel.dates import parse_date, parse_datetime, parse_time
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255
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256
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257 Number Formatting
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258 =================
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259
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260 Support for locale-specific formatting and parsing of numbers is provided by
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261 the ``babel.numbers`` module:
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262
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263 .. code-block:: pycon
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264
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265 >>> from babel.numbers import format_number, format_decimal, format_percent
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266
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267 Examples:
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268
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269 .. code-block:: pycon
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270
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271 >>> format_decimal(1.2345, locale='en_US')
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272 u'1.234'
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273 >>> format_decimal(1.2345, locale='sv_SE')
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274 u'1,234'
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275 >>> format_decimal(12345, locale='de_DE')
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276 u'12.345'
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277
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278
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279 Pattern Syntax
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280 --------------
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281
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282 While Babel makes it simple to use the appropriate number format for a given
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283 locale, you can also force it to use custom patterns. As with date/time
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284 formatting patterns, the patterns Babel supports for number formatting are
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285 based on the `Locale Data Markup Language specification`_ (LDML).
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286
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287 Examples:
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288
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289 .. code-block:: pycon
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290
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291 >>> format_decimal(-1.2345, format='#,##0.##;-#', locale='en')
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292 u'-1.23'
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293 >>> format_decimal(-1.2345, format='#,##0.##;(#)', locale='en')
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294 u'(1.23)'
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295
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296 The syntax for custom number format patterns is described in detail in the
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297 the specification. The following table is just a relatively brief overview.
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298
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299 +----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
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300 | Symbol | Description |
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301 +==========+=================================================================+
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302 | ``0`` | Digit |
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303 +----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
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304 | ``1-9`` | '1' through '9' indicate rounding. |
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305 +----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
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306 | ``@`` | Significant digit |
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307 +----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
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308 | ``#`` | Digit, zero shows as absent |
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309 +----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
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310 | ``.`` | Decimal separator or monetary decimal separator |
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311 +----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
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312 | ``-`` | Minus sign |
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313 +----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
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314 | ``,`` | Grouping separator |
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315 +----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
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316 | ``E`` | Separates mantissa and exponent in scientific notation |
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317 +----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
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318 | ``+`` | Prefix positive exponents with localized plus sign |
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319 +----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
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320 | ``;`` | Separates positive and negative subpatterns |
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321 +----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
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322 | ``%`` | Multiply by 100 and show as percentage |
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323 +----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
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324 | ``‰`` | Multiply by 1000 and show as per mille |
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325 +----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
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326 | ``¤`` | Currency sign, replaced by currency symbol. If doubled, |
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327 | | replaced by international currency symbol. If tripled, uses the |
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328 | | long form of the decimal symbol. |
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329 +----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
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330 | ``'`` | Used to quote special characters in a prefix or suffix |
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331 +----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
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332 | ``*`` | Pad escape, precedes pad character |
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333 +----------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
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334
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335
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336 Parsing Numbers
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337 ---------------
34
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338
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339 Babel can also parse numeric data in a locale-sensitive manner:
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340
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341 .. code-block:: pycon
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342
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343 >>> from babel.numbers import parse_decimal, parse_number
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344
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345 Examples:
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346
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347 .. code-block:: pycon
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348
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349 >>> parse_decimal('1,099.98', locale='en_US')
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350 1099.98
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351 >>> parse_decimal('1.099,98', locale='de')
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352 1099.98
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353 >>> parse_decimal('2,109,998', locale='de')
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354 Traceback (most recent call last):
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355 ...
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356 NumberFormatError: '2,109,998' is not a valid decimal number
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